Efficacy,immunogenicity, and safety of available vaccines in children on biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.     

The principles of ultra-low contrast percutaneous coronary intervention

Ultra-low contrast percutaneous coronary intervention (ULCPCI) can be performed electively in advanced chronic kidney disease. Engage guide catheter and advance guidewire into the coronary artery without using contrast. IVUS-guided PCI can reduce the contrast load. Perform co-registration of distal and proximal radio-opaque marker bands of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter. Deploy the stent at the target lesion under fluoroscopic guidance of these co-registered position of the IVUS-marking images. Complete the ULCPCI procedure with a final angiography using minimal contrast. Newer contrast sparing techniques and intravascular imaging technologies provide opportunities to perform ULCPCI efficiently with good results and the least complications.     

Pulmonary Hypertension Registry of Kerala,India (PRO-KERALA): One-year outcomes

BackgroundShort term outcomes of patients with pulmonary hypertension are not available from low and middle-income countries including India.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 2003 patients with pulmonary hypertension, from 50 centres (PROKERALA) in Kerala, who were followed up for one year. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was mainly diagnosed on the basis of Doppler echocardiography. The primary outcome was a composite end-point of all-cause death and hospital admission for heart failure. All cause hospitalisation events constituted the secondary outcome.ResultsMean age of study population was 56 ± 16 years. Group 1 and Group 2 PH categories constituted 21.2% and 59% of the study population, respectively. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the study participants had functional class II symptoms. 31% of Group 1 PH patients were on specific vasodilator drugs.In total, 83 patients (4.1%) died during the one-year follow-up period. Further, 1235 re-hospitalisation events (61.7%) were reported. In the multivariate model, baseline NYHA class III/IV (OR 1.87, 95% C.I. 1.35–2.56), use of calcium channel blockers (OR 0.18, 95% C.I. 0.04–0.77), vasodilator therapy (OR 0.5, 95% C.I. 0.28–0.87) and antiplatelet agents (OR 1.80, 95% C.I. 1.29–2.51) were associated with primary composite outcome at one-year (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn the PROKERALA registry, annual mortality rate was 4%. More than half of the patients reported re-hospitalisation events on follow up. Uptake of guideline directed therapies were suboptimal in the study population. Quality improvement programmes to improve guideline directed therapy may improve clinical outcomes of PH patients in India.     

尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能衰竭临床研究

目的:观察尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)的临床疗效及其对钙磷代谢、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的影响。方法:选取120例CRF患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组采用常规治疗,包括控制饮食、纠正酸碱、水电解质平衡;观察组在对照组的基础上加用尿毒清颗粒治疗。2组均连续治疗2个月,观察比较2组肾功能[肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)]、血磷(P3-)、血钙(Ca2+)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、CTGF指标水平变化,并评定2组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果:观察组总有效率为80.00%,对照组为61.67%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SCr、BUN水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组SCr、BUN水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组PTH、CTGF、P3-水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05),Ca2+水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05);观察组PTH、P3-、CTGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),Ca2+水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为3.33%,对照组为16.67%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:尿毒清颗粒治疗CRF临床疗效显著,可有效调节钙磷代谢、CTGF平衡,改善肾功能,且安全性较高。     

叙事护理在慢性病患者中的应用进展

随着老龄化社会的不断加剧，以及人们生活方式的改变，近年来慢性病的发病呈逐年上升趋势，随之而来的慢病管理问题也逐渐引起人们的关注。叙事护理是一种新型的心理护理技巧，由于治疗的有效性和操作的便捷性，其应用范围也越来越广。本文就叙事护理的概念意义，以及其在慢病患者中的应用策略、效果及注意事项等几个方面结合国内外文献进行综述，以期为未来慢病管理提供新的思路和方法。     

观察调神针法对慢性失眠症患者过度觉醒状态的影响＊

目的 观察调神针法治疗慢性失眠症的疗效，并基于“过度觉醒”探讨针刺治疗慢性失眠症的潜在机制。方法 将60例慢性失眠症（Chronic insomnia， CI）患者，随机分为调神针刺组（试验组）30例和假针刺组（对照组）30例。调神针刺组选用百会、印堂、神门（双）、三阴交（双），假针刺组采用非病症相关穴位浅刺的方法。两组均隔日治疗1次，每周3次，连续4周。比较两组患者治疗前后及结束治疗1月随访时匹兹堡睡眠指数量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index， PSQI）总积分及各因子积分、过度觉醒量表（Hyperarousal scale， HAS）积分、血清皮质醇（Cortisol， CORT）浓度变化。结果 治疗后与随访时比较，调神针刺组各量表积分较治疗前均明显下降（P < 0.01）；治疗后血清CORT较治疗前明显下降（P < 0.01）。治疗后，假针刺组PSQI总分及血清CORT与治疗前比，均明显下降（P < 0.05）；随访时假针刺组各量表积分与治疗前比较，均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。调神针刺组各量表积分及血清CORT降低均明显优于假针刺组（P < 0.01）。结论 调神针法可明显改善慢性失眠症患者睡眠质量、过度觉醒状态，降低血清CORT浓度可能是潜在作用机制之一。